Differential | How does it work?

How does a differential in automobiles work?

A differential in an automobile allows the drive wheels to rotate at different speeds while maintaining torque and power delivery, especially during turns. This is crucial because when a vehicle turns, the wheel on the inside of the curve travels a shorter distance than the wheel on the outside, requiring them to rotate at different speeds.

How does a differential work?

1. Splitting Power:

The differential receives rotational power from the engine via the driveshaft.

2. Gear System:

It uses a system of gears (including a ring gear, pinion gear, and side gears) to distribute this power to the drive wheels.

3. Speed Variation:

When the vehicle travels straight, the gears inside the differential rotate together, and the wheels spin at the same speed.

4. Cornering:

During turns, the differential allows the outer wheel to rotate faster while the inner wheel rotates slower; accommodating the different distances each wheel needs to travel.

5. Torque Distribution:

The differential also ensures that both wheels receive power, even if one is slipping (e.g., on a slippery surface).

In essence, the differential's gear system allows the wheels to rotate independently, providing smooth and controlled turning, and maintaining traction on various road surfaces.